[PMC free article] [PubMed] [Google Scholar] 18. compared with two children (2.1%) MK-6913 in the control group ( 0.001) two children (2.1%) were found to have clinical hypothyroidism in Group 1 compared with non in the control group. Positive levels of anti-TPOAb and anti-TgAb were found in 9 (9.5%) and 6 (6.3%) in Group 1 compared with 2 (3.3)% and 1 (1.6%) of controls respectively ( 0.01). Cases with hypothyroidism were significantly older, had longer duration of DM, higher body mass index and higher HbA1c compared with those without hypothyroidism. TSH had significant positive correlations to age (= 0.71, 0.001), diabetes duration (= 0.770, 0.001), Anti-TPO level (= 0.678, 0.01), HbAIc level (= ?0.644, 0.01) and significant negative correlation with FT4 (= ?0.576, = 0.01). Conclusion: The present study reported high prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in children and in children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes in Upper Egypt. The study recommended yearly evaluation thyroid function assessments and thyroid MK-6913 antibodies in all children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes commencing from the onset of diabetes. 0.05 provides statistical significance. RESULTS Table 1 shows demographic and metabolic characteristics of the studied groups. TSH level was significantly higher in (Group 1) in controls (Group 2) ( 0.001). No, statistically significant difference between the Groups 1 and 2 regarding age, sex, FT3 and FT4. Table 1 Demographic and metabolic characteristics of the studied groups Open in a separate window Table 2 shows thyroid function and antibodies in children and adolescents with T1DM compared to the controls. Six children (6.3%) were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism in Group 1 compared to two children (2.1%) in the control group ( 0.001) two children (2.1%) were found to have clinical hypothyroidism in Group 1 compared with non in the control group. The mean anti-TPO Ab and anti-Tg Ab in Group 1 children were significantly higher than those in the control. Both anti-TPO and anti-Tg Ab positivity was reported in 2.1% in children and adolescents with T1DM. Table 2 Thyroid function and IgG2a Isotype Control antibody (FITC) antibodies in the studied groups Open in a separate window None of the studied children (Groups 1 and 2) had either clinical or sub clinical hyperthyroidism. Table 3 shows the comparison between children with hypothyroidism and those without hypothyroidism among cases with T1DM. Cases with hypothyroidism were significantly older, had longer duration of DM, higher BMI percentile and higher HbA1c compared with those without hypothyroidism. Table 3 Comparison between children with hypothyroidism and those without hypothyroidism in cases with type 1 DM Open in a separate window Table 4 shows correlation coefficient between TSH and clinical laboratory MK-6913 data of studied cases, TSH had significant positive correlations to age (= 0.71, 0.001), diabetes duration (= 0.770, 0.001), anti-TPO level (= 0.678, 0.01), HbAIc level (= 0.644, 0.01) and significant negative correlation with FT4 (= ?0.576, = 0.01). Table 4 Correlation coefficient between TSH and clinical and biochemical data of studied cases Open in a separate window DISCUSSION Our result revealed that six children (6.3%) were found to have subclinical hypothyroidism in (Group 1) compared to one child (1.6%) in the control group ( 0.001). Moreover, two children (2.1%) were found to have clinical hypothyroidism in (Group 1) compared with non in the control group This in agreement with Mohamed em et al /em .[11] who reported a similar result. Subclinical hypothyroidism may be associated with increased risk of symptomatic hypoglycemia and with reduced linear growth. Furthermore, thyroxine replacement therapy started early in patients with subclinical hypothyroidism reduces the risk of hyperlipidemia and atherosclerotic heart disease.[12] In MK-6913 this study, the rate of anti-TPO and anti-Tg Ab in studied diabetic cases (Group 1) was reported to be 9.5% and 6.3%, respectively. Moreover, the mean anti-TPO Ab and anti-Tg Ab in Group 1 were significantly higher than those in the control. Studies done on Brazilian children with T1DM for detection of anti-TPO Ab reported average prevalence of 16.7% as reported by Mantovani em et al /em .,[13] Meanwhile, European whites had prevalence of 11.1%.[14] Around the.